-
1 necessity
[nɪ'sɛsɪtɪ]n( inevitability) konieczność f; ( compelling need) potrzeba f, konieczność f; ( essential item) artykuł m pierwszej potrzeby* * *[ni'sesəti]- plural necessities - noun (something needed or essential: Food is one of the necessities of life.) konieczność -
2 urge
[əːdʒ] 1. npragnienie nt, chęć f2. vtto urge sb to do sth — namawiać (namówić perf) kogoś, żeby coś zrobił or do zrobienia czegoś
to urge caution — zalecać (zalecić perf) ostrożność
Phrasal Verbs:- urge on* * *[ə:‹] 1. verb1) (to try to persuade or request earnestly (someone to do something): He urged her to drive carefully; `Come with me,' he urged.) nalegać2) (to try to convince a person of (eg the importance of, or necessity for, some action): He urged (on them) the necessity for speed.) usilnie namawiać do2. noun(a strong impulse or desire: I felt an urge to hit him.) impuls- urge on -
3 be
[biː] 1. aux vb; pt was, were, pp been1) ( in continuous tenses)2) ( forming passives) być, zostać ( perf)3) ( in tag questions) prawdahe's good-looking, isn't he? — jest przystojny, prawda?
she's back again, is she? — a więc znów jest z powrotem?
4) (+to +infin)2. vb +complement1) byćI am hot/cold — jest mi gorąco/zimno
2) ( of health) czuć się3) ( of age)4) ( cost) kosztować3. vi1) (exist, occur etc) istnieć2) ( referring to place) być4. impers vb1) (referring to time, distance, weather) byćit's too hot/cold — jest za gorąco/zimno
2) ( emphatic)* * *present tense am [ʌm], are [a:], is [ɪz]; past tense was [woz], were [w†:]; present participle 'being; past participle been [bi:n, (·meriцan) bɪn]; subjunctive were [w†:]; short forms I'm [aim] (I am), you're [ju†] (you are), he's [hi:z] (he is), she's [ʃi:z] (she is), it's [ɪ ] (it is), we're [wi†] (we are), they're [Ɵe†] (they are); negative short forms isn't (is not), aren't [a:nt] (are not), wasn't (was not), weren't [w†:nt] (were not)1) (used with a present participle to form the progressive or continuous tenses: I'm reading; I am being followed; What were you saying?.) być, zostać2) (used with a present participle to form a type of future tense: I'm going to London.)3) (used with a past participle to form the passive voice: He was shot.)4) (used with an infinitive to express several ideas, eg necessity (When am I to leave?), purpose (The letter is to tell us he's coming), a possible future happening (If he were to lose, I'd win) etc.)5) (used in giving or asking for information about something or someone: I am Mr Smith; Is he alive?; She wants to be an actress; The money will be ours; They are being silly.)•- being- the be-all and end-all -
4 extravagance
[ɪks'trævəgəns]n* * *noun His wife's extravagance reduced them to poverty; Food is a necessity, but wine is an extravagance.) rozrzutność -
5 must
[mʌst] 1. aux vb(necessity, obligation)I must do it — muszę to zrobić; ( prohibition)
you mustn't do it — nie wolno ci tego robić; ( probability)
he must be there by now — musi już tam być, pewnie już tam jest; (suggestion, invitation)
you must come and see me — (koniecznie) musisz mnie odwiedzić; (guess, assumption)
2. nI must have made a mistake — musiałam się pomylić; ( indicating sth unwelcome)
* * *1. negative short form - mustn't; verb1) (used with another verb to express need: We must go to the shops to get milk.) musieć2) (used, usually with another verb, to suggest a probability: They must be finding it very difficult to live in such a small house.) musieć3) (used, usually with another verb, to express duty, an order, rule etc: You must come home before midnight; All competitors must be under 15 years of age.) musieć2. noun(something necessary, essential, or not to be missed: This new tent is a must for the serious camper.) konieczność -
6 necessary
['nɛsɪsrɪ]adjif necessary — jeśli to konieczne, jeśli trzeba
it is necessary to examine this/that we examine this — trzeba to zbadać
* * *['nesisəri](needed; essential: Is it necessary to sign one's name?; I shall do all that is necessary.) niezbędny- necessitate
- necessity -
7 need
[niːd] 1. n( necessity) potrzeba f, konieczność f; ( demand) potrzeba f, zapotrzebowanie nt; ( poverty) ubóstwo nt, bieda f2. vt( want) potrzebować +gen; ( could do with) wymagać +genthere's no need to … — nie ma potrzeby +infin
he had no need to… — nie musiał +infin
you don't need to go, you needn't go — nie musisz iść
* * *[ni:d] 1. negative short form - needn't; verb1) (to require: This page needs to be checked again; This page needs checking again; Do you need any help?) wymagać, potrzebować2) (to be obliged: You need to work hard if you want to succeed; They don't need to come until six o'clock; She needn't have given me such an expensive present.) musieć2. noun1) (something essential, that one must have: Food is one of our basic needs.) potrzeba2) (poverty or other difficulty: Many people are in great need.) bieda3) (a reason: There is no need for panic.) powód•- needless- needlessly
- needy
- a need for
- in need of -
8 stress
[strɛs] 1. n( applied to object) nacisk m; ( internal to object) naprężenie nt; ( mental strain) stres m; ( LING) akcent m; ( emphasis) nacisk m, akcent m2. vtto lay great stress on sth — kłaść (położyć perf) wielki nacisk na coś
* * *[stres] 1. noun1) (the worry experienced by a person in particular circumstances, or the state of anxiety caused by this: the stresses of modern life; Her headaches may be caused by stress.) napięcie, stres2) (force exerted by (parts of) bodies on each other: Bridge-designers have to know about stress.) naprężenie3) (force or emphasis placed, in speaking, on particular syllables or words: In the word `widow' we put stress on the first syllable.) akcent2. verb(to emphasize (a syllable etc, or a fact etc): Should you stress the last syllable in `violin'?; He stressed the necessity of being punctual.) akcentować, podkreślać- lay/put stress on
См. также в других словарях:
Necessity — • A strict connection between different beings, or the different elements of a being, or between a being and its existence. Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Necessity Necessity … Catholic encyclopedia
necessity — ne·ces·si·ty n pl ties 1 a: the presence or pressure of circumstances that justify or compel a certain course of action; esp: a need to respond or react to a dangerous situation by committing a criminal act b: an affirmative defense originating… … Law dictionary
Necessity — Ne*ces si*ty, n.; pl. {Necessities}. [OE. necessite, F. n[ e]cessit[ e], L. necessitas, fr. necesse. See {Necessary}.] 1. The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite; inevitableness; indispensableness. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Necessity Is a Mother Tour — Concert tour by ZZ Top Location North America, Asia, Europe Start date September 5, 2009 (2009 09 05) … Wikipedia
necessity is the mother of invention — phrase used for saying that people find ways to do what they have to or get what they need Thesaurus: necessarysynonym Main entry: necessity * * * proverb when the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or… … Useful english dictionary
necessity — ► NOUN (pl. necessities) 1) the state or fact of being required or indispensable. 2) an indispensable thing. 3) a situation enforcing a particular course: created more by necessity than design. ● necessity is the mother of invention Cf.… … English terms dictionary
necessity — (n.) late 14c., constraining power of circumstances, from O.Fr. necessité need, necessity; privation, poverty; distress, torment; obligation, duty (12c.), from L. necessitatem (nom. necessitas) compulsion, need for attention, unavoidableness,… … Etymology dictionary
necessity — [nə ses′ətē] n. pl. necessities [ME necessite < OFr nécessité < L necessitas < necesse: see NECESSARY] 1. the power of natural law that cannot be other than it is; natural causation; physical compulsion placed on man by nature; fate 2.… … English World dictionary
necessity is the mother of invention — ► necessity is the mother of invention proverb when the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it. Main Entry: ↑necessity … English terms dictionary
necessity — *need, exigency Analogous words: compelling or compulsion, constraining or constraint, obliging or obligation, coercing or coercion (see corresponding verbs at FORCE): indispensableness, requisiteness or requisition, needfulness (see… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
necessity is the mother of invention — Difficult situations make people inventive … The small dictionary of idiomes